Lower extremity pain can arise from various conditions affecting the hips, knees, ankles, and feet. Some of the most common causes include:
- Muscle strains or cramps: Overuse, excessive exercise, or muscle imbalances can lead to strains or cramps in the muscles of the lower extremities, causing pain and discomfort.
- Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons, such as Achilles tendinitis or patellar tendinitis, can result in pain and stiffness around the affected joint.
- Arthritis: Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other forms of arthritis can affect the joints in the lower extremities, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced mobility.
- Sciatica: Compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down the legs, can cause radiating pain, numbness, and tingling in the lower extremities.
- Peripheral artery disease (PAD): Narrowing or blockage of the arteries supplying blood to the legs can cause pain, cramping, and fatigue in the lower extremities, especially during physical activity.
- Diabetic neuropathy: Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to nerve damage, causing numbness, tingling, and burning sensations in the feet and legs.
- Varicose veins: Enlarged, twisted veins in the legs can cause aching, heaviness, and swelling in the lower extremities.
- Stress fractures: Tiny cracks in the bones of the lower extremities, often caused by repetitive stress or overuse, can result in localized pain and tenderness.
- Bursitis: Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion the joints, such as hip bursitis or knee bursitis, can cause pain and stiffness.
- Sprains and strains: Injuries to the ligaments or muscles around the joints, such as ankle sprains or hamstring strains, can lead to pain, swelling, and limited mobility.